A recent study has uncovered that a common genetic condition may be causing delays in diagnosing type 2 diabetes among men, potentially increasing their risk of serious complications.

The condition, known as G6PD deficiency, affects over 400 million people globally, particularly those of African, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Mediterranean descent. It is more prevalent in men and often goes undetected due to its lack of symptoms. The World Health Organization recommends routine screening for G6PD deficiency in populations where it is common; however, such screening is not widely implemented in many countries.

Researchers from the University of Exeter, in collaboration with Queen Mary University of London, found that men with G6PD deficiency are, on average, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes four years later than those without the gene variant. Despite this delay, fewer than one in 50 individuals with the deficiency have been diagnosed with the condition.

The study also revealed that men with G6PD deficiency are at a 37% higher risk of developing diabetes-related microvascular complications, such as eye, kidney, and nerve damage, compared to other men with diabetes. This increased risk is attributed to the impact of G6PD deficiency on the HbA1c blood test, a standard diagnostic tool for diabetes. The deficiency can cause blood sugar levels to appear artificially low, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Professor Inês Barroso from the University of Exeter emphasized the need for changes in testing practices to address health inequalities. She highlighted that healthcare providers should be aware that the HbA1c test may not be accurate for individuals with G6PD deficiency and called for routine G6PD screening to help identify those at risk.

The findings underscore the importance of developing more inclusive and accurate diagnostic methods to ensure timely and effective treatment for all individuals, regardless of genetic background.